Chemistry

  • During the 2023-2024 school year, Mr. Wicks will not be teaching regular "Chemistry."

     

    Purpose

    At Sault High, Chemistry is a science course intended for 10th and 11th grade students who struggle with math and science.  It follows the same curriculum standards as the Honors Chemistry course so that it fulfills Michigan's high school graduation requirements.  However, it often moves at a slower pace than Honors Chemistry, and for some topics, it does not go into as great a depth as Honors Chemistry.  Students will learn basic problem-solving skills, study skills, and lab skills that will better prepare them to succeed in general science courses at a two-year or four-year college or in career-related training.  After completing Chemistry, many students take Environmental Science if they need a third year of science to graduate from high school.  The Science Department strongly recommends that students who plan to take Physics, A.P. Physics, A.P. Chemistry, A.P. Biology, or Anatomy and Physiology at Sault High take Honors Chemistry rather than the Chemistry course described on this web page.
     

    Course Description

    Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter, the small particles of which matter is composed, and the energy changes associated with these interactions.  Chemical principles include fundamental concepts about atoms and molecules, elements and compounds, the periodic table, bonding, chemical reactions and equations, stoichiometry, states of matter, solutions, acids and bases, pH, energy transfer, and reaction rates.  The Chemistry course relates concepts to everyday life as best as possible so students will better understand the material, and it includes lab experimentation to help illustrate challenging concepts.
     
     

    "I Can" Statements

    The following review sheets are summaries of what students should know and be able to do by the end of each marking period in Chemistry.  When students study for a marking period test, I recommend that they study their old chapter tests in addition to reviewing the information given in these files.  Before beginning to study for a marking period test, students should have already made corrections to any incorrect questions on their chapter tests.  Answers to chapter tests are given and discussed in class.
     
     
     
     
     

    Additional information

    Chemistry Syllabus  (General Information about the course)
     
    Course Agreement Sheets  (Parents and students sign these sheets to signify they have read the Honors Chemistry course syllabus and have had a chance to ask questions about it.  In addition, students sign these sheets agreeing to follow the lab safety rules and classroom expectations)
    The following links may be of interest to chemistry students:

    Tentative Schedule of Assignments:

    Course Introduction and Related Activities
    -Introduction to Chemistry
    -Discussion of course syllabus and classroom expectations
    -Chemistry First Semester Pre-assessment
    -Science MAP Testing for 9th and 10th grade students
    -Class Meetings for the School Year

    Chapter 1: Matter and Change
    -Lab safety training; Introduction to the Chemistry Lab
    -Scientific method and related terms
    -Physical and chemical changes, physical and chemical properties 
    -Chemical matter, states of matter, properties of matter; Read Sect. 1-1 & 1-2; Do p.18: 1,2; p.27: 6,9,13,24
    -Classification of matter, types of mixtures, element, compound, atom, molecule; Read Sect. 1-3; Do p.18: 4; p.24: 1,2; p.27: 17,18,19
    -Chapter 1 Review and Practice Test
    -Chapter 1 Test

    Chapter 2: Measurements and Calculations
    -Scientific notation, rounding off; Read Sect. 2-1; Do Chemistry Hwk:  Scientific Notation and Rounding
    -Unit systems, metric base units, metric prefixes, metric conversion factors; Read Sect. 2-2; Do p.46: 3abeg,4bc; p.64: 7abe
    -Do Chemistry Hwk:  Metric System
    -Do Chemistry Hwk:  Introduction to Dimensional Analysis
    -Do Chemistry Hwk:  Dimensional Analysis Practice
    -Chapter 2 Review and Practice Quiz 1
    -Chapter 2, Quiz 1
    -Mass versus weight, volume by difference, density; Do Chemistry Hwk:  Density
    -Scientific Measurements and Density Lab
    -Separation of Plastics Lab
    -Chapter 2 Review and Practice Quiz 2
    -Chapter 2, Quiz 2

    Chapter 3:  Atoms:  The Building Blocks of Matter
    -Democritus, Dalton's atomic theory, law of conservation of mass, law of definite proportions, law of multiple proportions; Read Sect. 3-1; Do p.73: 1,2
    -Radioactivity, Thompson, Millikan, Rutherford's gold foil experiment, subatomic particles; Read Sect. 3-2; Do p.78: 2,3; p.92: 5
    -Atomic number, mass number, isotopes, determining numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons; Read Sect. 3-3; Do p.89: 2,3; p.92: 7-9
    -Mass numbers on the periodic table take into account the natural abundance of the isotopes; Do p.92: 11,12,19
    -Mole concept, Avogadro's number as a conversion factor, unit cancellation, dimensional analysis problem-solving strategy; Do Chemistry Hwk:  Moles and Avogadro's Number
    -Atomic mass as a conversion factor; Do Chemistry Hwk:  Moles and Atomic Mass
    -Using two conversion factors in dimensional analysis problems, road map concept; Do Chemistry Hwk:  Combining Moles and Atomic Mass
    -Chapter 3 Review and Practice Test
    -Chapter 3 Test

    -Chromatography Lab

    Review for First Marking Period Test
    First Marking Period Test over Michigan's Chemistry Standards

    Chapter 4: Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
    -Electromagnetic spectrum, wavelength, frequency, amplitude, photons, photoelectric effect; Read Sect. 4-1; Do p.103: 2; p. 127: 44
    -Continuous versus line spectra, energy is quantized, electronic transitions, Bohr model of the atom; Do p.103: 3-5
    -Flame Tests Lab
    -Quantum numbers, shells, subshells, orbitals, orbital shapes; Read Sect. 4-2; Do p.126: 22-25
    -DeBroglie, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Pauli exclusion principle, Aufbau principle, electron configurations; Read Sect. 4-3; Do Electron Configurations and Orbital Box Diagrams Worksheet
    -Hund's rule, orbital box diagrams, practice writing electron configurations and orbital box diagrams
    -Paramagnetism, noble gas notation, highest occupied energy level
    -Chapter 4 Review and Practice Test
    -Chapter 4 Test

    Chapter 5: The Periodic Law
    -Cannizzaro, Mendeleev, Moseley, periodic law, periodic table, group names; Read Sect. 5-1; Do p.135: 1-3; p.147: 2
    -Writing electron configurations using the periodic table; s-, p-, d-, and f-blocks; Read Sect. 5-2
    -Periodic table trends for atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity; Read Sect. 5-3; Do p.166: 22ab,23a,25a,26a
    -Do periodic table trend practice problems from the board and p.166:  32,35a
    -Ions, charges, determining number of protons and electrons in ions, electron configurations for ions, why ions form, construct a large table comparing neutral atoms to ions and illustrating how ions achieve a more stable noble gas electron configuration; Do p.166: 28a,29,41,45
    -Chapter 5 Review and Practice Test
    -Chapter 5 Test 
     
    -Viscosity of Oils Lab: A Graphing Exercise
    -Freezing Point Depression Lab
     
    -MAP Testing

    Review for Second Marking Period Test
    Second Marking Period Test over Michigan's Chemistry Standards

    Chapter 6:  Chemical Bonding
    -Chemistry Second Semester Pre-Assessment
    -Ionic versus molecular compounds, ionic and covalent bonding, related properties, electronegativity differences; Read Sect. 6-1; Do p.173: 1,2, p.206: 6,7
    -Bond length, bond energy, octet rule; Read Sect. 6-2; Do p.185: 1,2, p.209: 55ab
    -Ionic compounds, valence electrons, electron dot structures, formation of cations and anions; Read Sect. 6-3; Do p.206: 15,19,20a
    -Molecular compounds, Lewis structures; Do p.185: 4abde; p.207: 21,23,24ac
    -Single, double, and triple bonds; Draw structures for CCl4,CHCl3, NH3, H2O, O2, N2
    -Bonding versus nonbonding electrons, charged structures; Draw structures for H2S, PCl3, CO2, SO2, CO, NO3-, ClO2-
    -Chapter 6A Review and Practice Test
    -Chapter 6A Test
    -Valence-Shell, Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR Theory), electron pair geometry, bond angles, hybrid orbitals; VSEPR Balloon Activity
    -Electron-pair geometry versus molecular geometry; Read Sect. 6-5; Do p.206: 16,34,43,48abcde
    -Molecular geometry for charged structures; Do p.208:  49; p.203: 2a
    -Hybrid orbitals, polar bonds versus polar molecules; Do p.208: 39b,46,47
    -Molecular Geometry Lab
    -Chapter 6B Review and Practice Test
    -Chapter 6B Test
     
    Chapter 7: Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds
    -Writing formulas for ionic compounds; Do Formulas for Ionic Compounds worksheet
    -Writing ions from formulas for ionic compounds; Do Ions from Ionic Compounds worksheet
    -Naming ions and ionic compounds, introduction to polyatomic ions; Do Polyatomic Ions worksheet
    -Read Sect. 7-1; Do p.246: 4,5,7,8,16
    -Naming and writing formulas for molecular compounds; Do p.246: 10,11,44,48
    -Chapter 7A Review and Practice Test
    -Chapter 7A Test
    -Calculating molar mass; using molar mass as a conversion factor; Read Sect. 7-3; Do p.247: 30,31,42
    -Percent composition; Do p.248: 32
    -Do p.248:  47abd
    -Empirical formulas versus molecular formulas, empirical formula calculations; Read Sect. 7-4; Do p.248: 36-39
    -Empirical Formula Lab
    -Chapter 7B Review and Practice Test
    -Chapter 7B Test

    Review for Third Marking Period Test
    Third Marking Period Test over Michigan's Chemistry Standards
     
    Chapter 8: Chemical Reactions and Equations
    -Evidence for chemical reactions; Do p.283: 1,8,10
    -Writing chemical equations; Read Sect. 8-1; Do p.266: 3; p.283: 11-13
    -Balancing chemical equations by inspection, balancing chemical equations worksheet
    -Photosynthesis, respiration, combustion, combination, and decomposition reactions; Read Sect. 8-2; Do p.284: 17,22,23,26,29,38
    -Single replacement reactions and activity series; Read Sect. 8-3; Do p.279: 2,3; p.285: 34,35,39
    -Double replacement reactions; Do p.276: 2,3; p.284: 25,27,44
    -Survey of Reaction Types Lab
    -Chapter 8 Review and Practice Test
    -Chapter 8 Test
     
    Chapter 9: Stoichiometry
    -Mole ratio, stoichiometry; Read Sect. 9-1; Do p.291: 1, p.311: 2,3,5,6
    -Mass-moles and Moles-mass stoichiometric problem-solving strategies; Read Sect. 9-2; Do p.311: 7,11-13
    -Mass-mass stoichiometric problem-solving strategies; Do p.301: 3,4,5
    -More mass-mass stoichiometry problems; Do p.311: 8,9,14,15
    -Limiting reactant concept, excess reactant; Read Sect. 9-3; Do p.308: 1; p.312: 22-24
    -Limiting reactant problem-solving strategies; Do p.308: 2; p.312: 25,26
    -Limiting Reactant Lab
    -Actual yield, theoretical yield, percent yield; Do p.313: 28; p.308: 3; p.313: 31,39
    -Chapter 9 Review and Practice Test
    -Chapter 9 Test
     
    Chapter 11: Gases
    -Properties of gases, compare and contrast ideal gases with real gases, temperature scales and conversions, Kelvin temperature, absolute zero; Read Sect. 11-1
    -Torricelli's barometer, pressure units and conversions, standard conditions of temperature and pressure (STP), factors affecting gas pressure; Do p.355: 1,3-5; p.379: 8
    -Boyle's Law and Charles' Law, related graphs and calculations; Read Sect. 11-2; Do p.363: 1-3; p.379: 18,19,21
    -Gay-Lussac's Law, determining absolute zero experimentally, Combined Gas Law, deriving Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's Laws from the Combined Gas Law; Do p.363: 4,5; p.380: 22,23,29
    -Dalton's Law of partial pressures; Do p.379: 10,11,31,33,59
    -Avogadro's Law, real gases differ from ideal gases at high pressures and low temperatures, standard molar volume of a gas; Read Sect. 11-3
    -Ideal Gas Law, ideal gas constant, modified Ideal Gas Law involving mass and molar mass; Do p381: 41ab,42ab,43ab,49ab,50ab,51ab,52ab
    -Molar Mass of Oxygen Lab
    -Stoichiometry of gases; Read Sect. 11-3; Do p.373:  1; p.381: 44-46
    -Chapters 11 Review and Practice Test
    -Chapters 11 Test

    Chapters 10 & 12: Liquids, Solids, and Solutions
    -Kinetic molecular theory of matter; Read Sect. 10-1; Do p.320:  2,4-6
    -Properties of liquids and the kinetic molecular theory; Read Sect. 10-2; Do p.324: 2,3
    -Properties of solids and the kinetic molecular theory; Read Sect. 10-3; Do p.329: 3,4
    -Properties of water including structure, polarity, melting point, boiling point, density, hydrogen bonding, solubility, and heat capacity; Read Sect. 10-5; Do p.341: 1,2,4
    -Solute, solvent, solution, suspension, colloid, Tyndall effect, electrolyte, nonelectrolyte; Read Sect. 12-1; Do p.392: 1,2,4,5; p.413: 1
    -Review solution concepts, saturation, unsaturation, supersaturation, solubility diagrams, effect of temperature and pressure on solubility, factors affecting dissolution rates; Read Sect. 12-2; Do p.402: 1,5; p.413: 7,11,12,36
    -Supersaturation Demonstration
    -Review polarity concepts, understanding the solubility rule: "like dissolves like," how soap works; Do p.402: 3; p.413: 9
    -Solubility and Soap Lab
    -Concentration calculations, molarity; Read Sect. 12-3; p.414: 19-22,24
    -Chapters 11 & 12 Review and Practice Test
    -Chapters 11 & 12 Test

    Chapter 13: Ions in Aqueous Solutions and Colligative Properties
    -Dissociation versus ionization, predicting whether ionic substances will dissolve in water; Read Sect. 13-1; Do p.427: 1; p.443: 2,8,9
    -Precipitation reactions, molecular equation, ionic equation, net ionic equation, spectator ions; Do p.427: 2; p.443: 11-13
    -Double Replacement Reactions Lab
    -Colligative properties: (1) vapor-pressure lowering, (2) freezing-point depression, (3) boiling-point elevation, (4) osmotic pressure; Read Sect. 13-2; Do p.440: 1,3
    -Chapter 13 Review and Practice Quiz
    -Chapter 13 Quiz
    -MAP Testing

    Review for Fourth Marking Period Test
    Fourth Marking Period Test over Michigan's Chemistry Standards

    Have a nice summer!
     
Last Modified on August 26, 2023